TECHNICAL
(TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF DIGITAL TRANS RECEIVER -(DRAFT))
No.E.14014/5(2)/2010-EQPT
Govt.of India
Ministry of Home Affairs
Directorate of Coordination
(Police Wireless)
Block no.9 CGO Complex,
New Delhi-110003
Dated 1st Jan.2010.
To
Comm. Heads of CPMF’s
All PRO’S (STATES/UTS)
Sub:- Draft Technical Specifications of Digital Transceivers HF/VHF/UHF
for DGS&D Rate Contract.
Sir,
The undersigned is directed to circulate "Draft Technical Specifications of Digital Transceivers" to be used in Police organizations, for DGS&D Rate Contract.
It is requested that comments on Draft Specs., if any, may be sent to this Directorate by 22nd Jan 2010 for casting final specifications.
The comments can also be sent by e-mail to web.dcpw@nic.in
.
Your’s faithfully Sd/-
(A.K.Gupta)
Dy.Dir(E)
Schedule 1
Digital Tran Receivers,VHF,Hand HeldDetailed Specification
I. General
1. Frequency Range : 136-174 MHz (Full band)
2. No. of Channels : 255 or higher
3. Channel Spacing : 12.5 KHz
4. Frequency Stability/error : +/- 2.5 PPM or better
5. Protocol : TDMA/FDMA OR BETTER
6. Type of Emission : (i) Analog - 11 K0F3E
(ii) Digital - 8 K30F1E, 8 K30F1D, 8 K30F7W
7. Type of Operation : Simplex, press to talk
8. Type of Antenna : Rugged flexible aerial
9. Weight with battery : Less than 500 gms.
10. Power Source : Ni-Mh or Li-Ion battery pack of 2000 mah or
more, (Vender shall mention DC voltage)
11. Protection : (i) Reverse polarity protection.
: (ii) Protection against high VSWR.
II. Transmitter
1. RF Power Output : 1W/5W +/- 0.5 dB Programmable/Switchable.
2. Frequency Deviation : Maximum +/- 2.5 KHz(for 12.5 KHz)
3. Modulation Sensitivity : Better than 10 mv.
4. Audio Distortion : Less than 3% @ 1 KHz.
5. Modulation Distortion : Less than 5% at 1 KHz (12.5 KHz channel)
mic input for +/- 1.5 KHz
6. FM Hum Noise : 40 dB or better (for 12.5 KHz)
7. Modulation Fidelity : +1,-3 dB of 6 dB/Octave pre-emphasis from
350-2700 Hz. at 1 KHz reference.
III. Receiver
1. Sensitivity :(i) Analog : 0.35 uV for 12dB SINAD or better.
(ii)Digital : 0.30 uV at 5% BER or better.
2. Squelch Sensitivity : 0.30 uV or better at threshold
3. Selectivity(Adjacent Channel) :(i) Analog : 60 dB or better.
(ii) Digital : 60 dB or better.
4. Spurious & Image Rejection : 70 dB or better.
5. Inter Modulation : 70 dB or better.
6. Audio Response : + 1,-3 dB of 6dB/Octave de-emphasis from
350-2700 Hz or better
7. Audio Output : 500mW or higher at 5% THD.
IV. Battery Charger
1. Type Desktop Rapid Charger.
2. Charging Position Single.
3. Charging Time : 1 to 4 hours.
Schedule 2 Digital Tran Receivers,UHF,Hand Held
Detailed SpecificationI. General
1. Frequency Range : 380-512 MHz (Split band)
2. No. of Channels : 255 or higher
3. Channel Spacing : 12.5 KHz
4. Frequency Stability/error : +/- 2.5 PPM or better
5. Protocol : TDMA/FDMA OR BETTER
6. Type of Emission : (i) Analog - 11 K0F3E
(ii) Digital - 8 K30F1E, 8 K30F1D, 8 K30F7W
7. Type of Operation : Simplex, press to talk
8. Type of Antenna : Rugged flexible aerial
9. Weight with battery : Less than 600 gms.
10. Power Source : Ni-Mh or Li-Ion battery pack of 1500mAhH or
more,(Vendor shall mention DC voltage)
11. Protection : (i) Reverse polarity protection.
(ii) Protection against high VSWR.
II. Transmitter
1. RF Power Output : 1W/4W +/- 0.5 dB Programmable/Switchable.
2. Frequency Deviation : Maximum +/- 2.5 KHz(for 12.5 KHz)
3. Modulation Sensitivity : Better than 10 mv.
4. Audio Distortion : Less than 3% @ 1 KHz.
5. Modulation Distortion : Less than 5% at 1 KHz (for 12.5 KHz channel)
mic input for +/- 1.5 KHz
6. FM Hum Noise : 40 dB or better (for 12.5 KHz)
7. Modulation Fidelity : +1,-3 dB of 6 dB/Octave pre-emphasis from
350-2700 Hz. At 1 KHz reference.
III. Receiver
1. Sensitivity :(i) Analog : 0.35 uV for 12dB SINAD or better.
(ii) Digital : 0.30 uV at 5% BER or better.
2. Squelch Sensitivity : 0.30 uV or better at threshold
3. Selectivity(Adjacent Channel) :(i) Analog : 60 dB or better.
(ii) Digital : 60 dB or better.
4. Spurious & Image Rejection : 70 dB or better.
5. Inter Modulation : 70 dB or better.
6. Audio Response : + 1,-3 dB of 6dB/Octave de-emphasis from
350-2700 Hz or better
7. Audio Output : 500mW or higher at 5% THD.
IV. Battery Charger
1. Type Desktop Rapid Charger.
2. Charging Position Single.
3. Charging Time : 1 to 4 hours.
Schedule 3 Digital Tran Receivers,VHF,Mobile
Detailed Specification
I. General
1. Frequency Range : 136-174 MHz (Full band)
2. No. of Channels : 255 or higher
3. Channel Spacing : 12.5 KHz
4. Frequency Stability : +/- 2.5 PPM or better
5. Protocol : TDMA/FDMA OR BETTER
6. Type of Emission : (i) Analog - 11 K0F3E
(ii) Digital - 8 K30F1E, 8 K30F1D, 8 K30F7W
7. Type of Operation : Simplex, press to talk
8. Weight (without external
battery & aerial) : Less than 3 Kgs.
10. Power Source : DC voltage : 13.6 VDC +/-10%.
11. Protection : (i) Reverse polarity protection.
(ii) Protection against high VSWR.
II. Transmitter
1. Signalling : 2 Tone/5 Tone/Digital
2. RF Power Output : 25 Watts +/- 0.5 dB
3. FM Hum Noise : 40 dB or better (for 12.5 KHz)
4. Frequency Deviation : Maximum +/- 2.5 KHz(at 12.5 KHz)
5. Modulation Sensitivity : Less than 10mV at 1 KHz at mic input for +/-1 KHz
Standard deviation for 12.5KHz channel.
6. Modulation Distortion : Less than 5% at 1 KHz for +/- 1.5 KHz(12.5 KHz
channel)
7. Modulation Fidelity : +1,-3 dB of 6 dB/Octave pre-emphasis from
350-2700 Hz. at 1 KHz reference.
8. Audio Distortion : Less than 3% @ 1 KHz
III. Receiver
1. Sensitivity :(i) Analog : 0.35 uV for 12dB SINAD or better.
(ii) Digital : 0.30 uV for 5% BER or better.
2. Squelch Sensitivity : 0.30 uV or better at threshold
3. Selectivity(Adjacent Channel) :(i) Analog : 60 dB or better.
(ii) Digital : 60 dB or better.
4. Image Rejection : 70 dB or better.
5. Inter Modulation : 70 dB or better.
6. Audio Output : 1.5 Watt or better (internal/external)
7. Audio Response : + 1,-3 dB of 6dB/Octave de-emphasis from
350-2700 Hz or better.
Schedule 4 Digital Tran Receivers,UHF,Mobile
Detailed Specification
I. General
1. Frequency Range : 380-512 MHz (Split band)
2. No. of Channels : 255 or higher
3. Channel Spacing : 12.5 KHz
4. Frequency Stability : +/- 2.5 PPM or better
5. Protocol : TDMA/FDMA OR BETTER
6. Type of Emission : (i) Analog - 11 K0F3E
(ii) Digital - 8 K30F1E, 8 K30F1D, 8 K30F7W
7. Type of Operation : Simplex, press to talk
8. Weight (without external
battery & aerial) : Less than 3 Kgs.
10. Power Source : DC voltage : 13.6 VDC +/-10%.
11. Protection : (i) Reverse polarity protection.
(ii) Protection against high VSWR.
II. Transmitter
1. Signalling : 2 Tone/5 Tone/Digital
2. RF Power Output : 20-25 Watts +/- 0.5 dB
3. FM Hum Noise : 40 dB or better (for 12.5 KHz)
4. Frequency Deviation : Maximum +/- 2.5 KHz(at 12.5 KHz)
5. Modulation Sensitivity : Less than 10mV at 1 KHz at mic input for +/-1
KHz Standard deviation for 12.5KHz channel.
6. Modulation Distortion : Less than 5% at 1 KHz for +/-1.5 KHz(12.5 KHz
channel)
7. Modulation Fidelity : +1,-3 dB of 6 dB/Octave pre-emphasis from
350-2700 Hz. at 1 KHz reference.
8. Audio Distortion : Less than 3% @ 1 KHz
III. Receiver
1. Sensitivity :(i) Analog : 0.35 uV for 12dB SINAD or better.
(ii) Digital : 0.30 uV for 5% BER or better.
2. Squelch Sensitivity : 0.30 uV or better at threshold
3. Selectivity(Adjacent Channel) :(i) Analog : 60 dB or better.
(ii) Digital : 60 dB or better.
4. Image Rejection : 70 dB or better.
5. Inter modulation : 70 dB or better.
6. Audio Output : 1.5 Watt or better (internal/external)
7. Audio Response : + 1,-3 dB of 6dB/Octave de-emphasis from
350-2700 Hz or better.
Schedule 5 Digital Tran Receivers,HF,Static
Detailed Specification
1. Frequency Range : 1.6 to 29.999 MHz
2. Modulation : USB, LSB, AM
3. Digital Signal Processing : A single DSP chip should provide digital
modulation and demodulation of all on air
signalling, including the one used in the
ALE, selective call and syllabic mute processes
and provides noise reduction of received signals
4. Pre-set channels : 100 or more
5. Frequency Stability : +/- 0.6 PPM or better
6. Built-in Test : Front Panel testing
7. Power input : 12V DC and 230V AC
8. Operating Temperature : -30 deg C to 60 deg C
9. Weight : Less than 6 Kgs.
10. RF Power Output : 100 Watts for the entire Frequency band
11. Microphone : 5 mV nominal across 150 ohm
12. Tx. current : Less than 20 Amps.
13. Harmonic Suppression : >/= 45 dB with respect to single tone.
14. Unwanted Sideband Suppression: >/= 45 dB w.r.t. single tone.
15. Non Harmonic Spurious : >/= 50 dB w.r.t. single tone.
16. Inter modulation distortion : 31 dB Min. below PEP
17. Receiver Sensitivity SINAD : >/= 10 dB for -113 dBm RF input level or better.
18. Image & IF Rejection : 80 dB Min. or better.
19. Audio Output : > 10 mW across 600 ohm, > 250 mW across 50 ohm
or better.
20. Squelch : Active, Digitally coded.
21. Audio Distortion : < 5% or better.
22. In band Inter modulation : 38 dB Min. below PEP distortion
Features:
1. Automatic Link Establishment : As per MIL standard 188-141B
2. GPS Tracking : The radio set should have GPS inbuilt for
tracking purpose
3. SMS facility : SMS/Page call should be available
4. Selective call : 4/6 digit selective call, which should be fully
compatible with various major manufacturers.
5. Telcall : The radio set should have capability to dial
operate on data.
6. RS-232 control : The radio set should have capability to operate
on data.
7. Tunable Receiver : Continuously Tunable
8. Radio kill/unkill function : Should have kill/unkill facility
Schedule 6 Digital Tran Receivers,HF,Static with Freq. Hopping
Detailed Specification
1. Frequency Range : 1.6 to 29.999 MHz
2. Modulation : USB, LSB, AM
3. Digital Signal Processing : A single DSP chip should provide digital
modulation/demodulation of all on air
signalling, including the one used in the
ALE, selective call and syllabic mute processes
and provides noise reduction of received signals
4. Pre-set channels : 100 or more
5. Frequency Stability : +/-0.6 PPM or better
6. Built-in Test : Front Panel testing
7. Power input : 12V DC and 230V AC
8. Operating Temperature : -30 deg C to 60 deg C
9. Weight : Less than 5 Kgs.
10. RF Power Output : 100 Watts for the entire Frequency band
11. Microphone : 5 mV nominal across 150 ohm
12. Tx. current : Less than 15 Amps.
13. Harmonic Suppression : >/= 45 dB with respect to single tone.
14. Unwanted Sideband Suppression: >/= 45 dB w.r.t. single tone.
15. Non Harmonic Spurious : >/= 50 dB w.r.t. single tone.
16. Receiver Sensitivity SINAD : >/= 10 dB for -113 dBm RF input level or better.
17. Image & IF Rejection : 65 dB Min. or better.
18. Audio Output : > 10 mW across 600 ohm, > 250 mW across 50 ohm
or better.
19. Squelch : Active, Digitally coded.
20. Audio Distortion : < 5% or better.
Features:
1. Automatic Link Establishment : As per MIL standard 188-141B
2. GPS Tracking : The radio set should have GPS inbuilt for
tracking purpose
3. SMS facility : SMS/Page call should be available
4. Selective call : 4/6 digit selective call, which should be fully
compatible with various major manufacturers.
5. Telcall : The radio set should have capability to dial
operate on data.
6. RS-232 control : The radio set should have capability to operate
on data.
7. Tunable Receiver : Continuous Tunable.
8. Radio kill/unkill function : Should have remote kill/unkill function.
9. FREQUENCY HOPPING:
(a)ECCM Frequency Hopping : Sub band hopping technique.
technique
(b)Communication type : Voice, data, CW.
(c)Hop Rate : 20 Hops per second.
(d)Hop Ratelength : Upto 150 freqs.
(e)Synchronization : Fast and automatic.
Schedule 7 Digital Tran Receivers ,HF,Manpack
Detailed Specification
1. Frequency Range : 1.6 to 29.999 MHz
2. Modulation : USB, LSB, AM
3. Digital Signal Processing : A single DSP chip should provide digital
modulation and demodulation of all on air
signalling, including the one used in the
ALE, selective call and syllabic mute processes
and provides noise reduction of received signals
4. Pre-set channels : 100 or more
5. Frequency Stability : +/- 0.6 PPM or better
6. Built-in Test : Internal diagnostic/Front Panel testing
7. Power input : 12V DC from internal battery of Ni-Mh or Li-Ion
Type. The battery should have min. 10 AH
capacity and 230V AC
8. Operating Temperature : -30 deg C to 60 deg C
9. Weight : Less than 6 Kgs. with battery.
10. RF Power Output : 5W/100 W selectable/Programmable.
11. Microphone : 5 mV nominal across 150 ohm
12. Tx. current : Less than 15 Amps.
13. Harmonic Suppression : >/= 45 dB with respect to single tone.
14. Unwanted Sideband Suppression: >/= 45 dB w.r.t. single tone.
15. Non Harmonic Spurious : >/= 50 dB w.r.t. single tone.
16. Inter modulation distortion : 31 dB Min. below PEP
17. Receiver Sensitivity SINAD : >/= 10 dB for -113 dBm RF input level or better.
18. Image & IF Rejection : 65 dB Min. or better.
19. Audio Output : > 10 mW across 600 ohm, > 250 mW across 50 ohm
or better.
20. Squelch : Active, Digitally coded.
21. Audio Distortion : < 5% or better.
22. Antenna : 3 Mtrs. whip or slant antenna.
Features:
1. Automatic Link Establishment : As per MIL standard 188-141B
2. GPS Tracking : GPS for tracking purpose(Optional)
3. SMS facility : SMS/Page call should be available.
4. Selective call : 4/6 digit selective call, which should be fully
compatible with various major manufacturers.
5. Telcall : The radio set should have capability to dial
operate on data.
6. RS-232 control : The radio set should have capability to operate
on data.
7. Tunable Receiver : Continuous Tunable.
8. Radio kill/unkill function : Should have remote kill/unkill function.
9. FREQUENCY HOPPING:
(a)ECCM Frequency Hopping : Sub band hopping technique.
technique
(b)Communication type : Voice, data, CW.
(c)Hop Rate : 20 Hops per second.
(d)Hop Rate length : Upto 150 freqs.
(e)Synchronization : Fast and automatic.
General Technical requirements for TE :
Features of Digital Transreceivers, VHF/UHF, Hand Held
(A) Configuration - 1
Caller ID Display.
Facility for locking the channel or keypad locking.
Network Access Code (NAC).
DTMF Front Panel keypad with backlit LCD panel with 'on' and 'off ' option.
Scan with priority.
Battery strength bar/digital read out indicator.
Transmitter Time Out Timer (TOT) operation.
Radio should operate in Analog mode and Digital mode.
(B) Configuration - II
1. Caller ID Display.
2. Facility for locking the channel or keypad locking.
3. Network Access Code (NAC).
DTMF Front Panel keypad with backlit LCD panel with 'on' and 'off ' option.
Scan with priority.
Battery strength bar/digital read out indicator.
Transmitter Time Out Timer (TOT) operation.
Radio should operate in Analog mode and Digital mode.
Support GPS.
Radio to radio transfer.
SMS texting.
Tactical regrouping.
Digital Emergency.
Front Pane Programming with Password Protection or PC programming.
Features of Digital Transreceivers, VHF/UHF, Mobile
(A) Configuration - 1
Caller ID Display.
Busy Channel Lock Out.
Scan with priority.
LCD Display.
Transmitter Time Out Timer.
(B) Configuration - II
1. Caller ID Display.
Busy Channel Lock Out.
Scan with priority.
LCD Display.
Transmitter Time Out Timer.
6. Support GPS.
7. Radio to Radio Transfer
8. SMS Texting.
9. Tactical Regrouping.
10. Digital Emergency.
11. Front Panel Programming with Password Protection.
Common requirements:
For TRANSRECEIVERS :
1. The supplier shall provide operation manuals free of cost along with each set and also impart training to indentor personnel in maintenance and repair of the stores on the R/C at the suppliers Service Centres/factory where required. The boarding lodging and travelling expenses in this regard will be borne by the indentor/consignee. Supplier shall also provide a certificate from the manufacturer that the measurement of the equipment is made in accordance with EIA/TIA/ETSI standard.
2. All Hand-Held Transreceivers shall be supplied complete with their standard OEM battery packs. The capacity and chemistry of the standard battery packs shall be specified. Battery chargers are not included as a standard supply with Hand-Held Transreceivers.
3. All euipment shall be suitable for operation in the following environmental conditions.
a. Operating temp. range : (-)10 deg. C to (+)55 deg. C
b. Storage temp. range : (-)40 deg. C to (+)70 deg. C
c. Relative Humidity : 95% max. at (+)40 deg. C non-condensing
4.(a) For Analog mode parameters:
Each item of main equipment and accessory, unless otherwise stated, shall be tested for environment test sequence as under at any Govt. lab. specified laboratory. The test reports shall clearly record test values obtained in respect of each parameter of tests.
(b) For Digital mode parameters:
Certificates from OEM for each of the parameters of the model(s) shall be acceptable, in case testing facilities for digital mode parameters are not available in India.
Reports with observations such as 'satisfactory' or 'meets the requirements' or any similar terminology, where a value observed can be given, are liable to be rejected.
Tests to be conducted Conditions of tests as per standard IS:9000
a. Dry Heat Test : 55 degree C (+/-) 2 degree C, RH < 50%,
Duration 16 hrs. in accordance with IS:9000/Part 3/
Sec.5/1977 (reaffirmed 2004)
b. Damp Heat (Cyclic) Test : 40 degree C (+/-) 2 degree C, RH 95%,
Two cycles of 24 (12+12) hrs. each. in accordance
with IS:9000/Part 5/Sec.2/variant1/1981 (reaffirmed
2004)
c. Cold Test : (-)10 degree C +/- 3 degree C, Duration 16 hrs. in
accordance with IS:9000/Part 2/Sec 4/1977
(reaffirmed 2004)
d. Drop Test : Six drops on each face
(in packed condition) Height of fall 1000mm in case of hand held items and
500mm in case of other items in accordance with
IS:9000 / Part 7 / Sec. 3 / 1979 (reaffirmed 2006)
e. Vibration Test : 12 hours, 4 hours along with each axis at 15-150 Hz
and with amplitude of 0.15mm/2g in accordance with
IS:9000/Part 8/1981.
f. Storage Test : (-) 40 degree C for 5 Hrs. in accordance with
IS:9000 /Part 2/Sec. 4/1977 & then raise the temp. to
70 degree C for perioed of 16 hrs. in accordance
with IS:9000 / Part 3 / Sec 5/1977 (reaffirmed 2004).
g. Bump Test : 4000 bumps at peak acceleration of 400m/s sq. in
accordance with IS:9000 / Part 7 / Sec 2 / 1979.
5. Environmental test report with equivalent/superior conditions would also be
acceptable.
6. In case of Transreceivers, the functional tests shall be carried out at the
commencement and at the conclusion of the environmental test sequence as
above. The functional tests and permissible degradation shall be as under.
RF Power Output : It should not degrade by more than 1 dB.
Receiver Sensitivity : It should not degrade by more than 1 dB.
Frequency Stability on any one frequency within the specified range : No
degradation shall be noticed.
7. In the case of batteries, battery chargers and power supplies, the functional
tests shall be carried out at the conclusion of the environmental test
sequence as above. The functional tests and permissible degradation shall be
as under.
a. Battery : No degradation in battery capacity when measured at C/5
rate.
b. Battery Charger : No degradation in output voltage.
c. Power Supplies : No degradation in output voltage.
8. All Transreceivers shall meet the requirements of degree of protection for
enclosure (IP- Category) as specified for each item in accordance with the
IS:13947(Pt-1)/1991.
FOR BATTERY PACKS :
All battery packs including the replacement battery packs and the OEM battery
packs in respect of new models of Transreceivers offered for the first time
shall comply with the requirements as detailed hereunder.
All batteries shall be mechanically and electrically interchangeable with the
corresponding Transreceivers models. The batteries should communicate
with the Transreceivers exactly in the same manner as the OEM supplied
battery.
To demonstrate suitability, as above, the supplier shall have the original
Transreceivers as well as original battery with them at the time of
inspection.
During inspection the battery packs shall be subjected to capacity test at C
and C/5 rates (50% of sample size for each) up to an end voltage of 1V per
cell. Sampling plan for this purpose shall be as laid down in IS-7372. The
battery capacity should not be less than the rated capacity when discharged
at C/5 rate and at least 90% of the rated capacity when discharged at C rate.
The sleeve of the cells used should preferably indicate the following :-
Part number
Month and year of manufacture
Voltage of cell.
Capacity.
Country of origin (preferable)
The label of the battery should be self destructive type and specify
following :
Name of manufacturer.
Battery voltage.
Battery capacity.
Chemistry of cells.
Suitable for 'Model of set'
Serial No. / Part No. of battery.
Month and year of manufacture & the Logo/Trade mark of the R/C holder to be
embossed /heat stamped.This logo/trade mark is to be indicated in the offer.
In case of Li-Ion batteries clear instructions shall be given NOT TO CHARGE
the battery on Ni-Cd or Ni-MH chargers, unless it is a multiple chemistry
charger.
The tenderer should furnish details of the protection circuits used and the
circuit schematic at the time of first inspection.
Bill of Entry, Invoice, Packing List for import of cells are to be submitted
at the time of inspection.
One battery pack may be cut open (generally 1 out of 500) at the time of
inspection and record observation for compliance.
This test procedure to be followed for both battery manufacturers and
Transreceivers manufacturers who supply the batteries.
FOR BATTERY CHARGERS :
All battery chargers shall comply with the requirements as detailed hereunder.
a) Input Voltage : 230V +/- 10%, 50 Hz
b) Output Voltage : As per the set battery pack for which charger is
submitted.
c) Charging Capability : Capable of charging 1/2/6 batteries at a time.
d) Battery Charging Rate on constant current : The battery charger may be standard
type or rapid type. In case of standard type chargers, the charging current
shall not exceed 400 mA and for rapid type it shall be within 1 Amp. The
charging time should be 6 to 14 hours for standard chargers and 1 to 3 hours
(for charging batteries upto 1800 mAH) or 2 to 4 hours ( for charging batteries
from 2000 to 3000 mAH) respectively.
e) Reverse polarity protection (DC input) should be provided.
f) Reverse polarity protection (Battery Terminal) should be provided.
g) Short circuit protection should be provided.
h) Visual indication for all modes of charging status.
i) DC input cable with battery eyelet to be provided with DC operated charger.